Pedstrianised Commercial Areas ——From The Perspective Of The Pedstrian And The Vehicle

从人和车的视角看步行商业区

Alice Vialard；Ayse Ozbil Torun

Architecture and the Built Environment, Northumbria University

诺森比亚大学 建筑与建筑环境学院

KEYWORDS：Pedestrianisation, axial map, street centerline map, Newcastle UK, pedestrian movement

关键词：步行街，轴线地图，街道中心线地图，英国纽卡斯尔，行人运动

本文来自于第十二届空间句法北京会议，文件夹“Sustainable Movement”，序号239

文章链接：http://www.12sssbeijing.com/upload/file/1562660571.pdf

【浙江工业大学理论课作业】

ABSTRACT

摘要

The pedestrianisation of city centre is a developing trend in an attempt to revitalize city centre, often in conjunction with commercial interests (Kumar & Ross 2006) and for a safer environment (Pitsiava-Latinopoulou and Basbas 2000, Sonia and Soni 2016).

在振兴城市中心的尝试中，使其步行化是一种发展趋势。这通常与商业利益（Kumar&Ross 2006）和更安全的环境（Pitsiava-Latinopoulou&Basbas 2000，Sonia&Soni 2016） 相结合。

If the pedestrianisation of high streets is now common in the UK, the implantation of shopping centres nearby increases the surface of pedestrian zones such as Liverpool One in Liverpool or Westgate in Oxford. By extending the pedestrian zones and by pushing the automobile traffic at their periphery, is there not a risk to emulate the Shopping centre model in which access is restricted and circulation contained within its precincts, but at the expense of the surroundings?

假如商业街的步行化在英国很普遍，购物中心的附近植入增加了步行区的表面，比如在利物浦的利物浦一号或在牛津的西门馆。扩展步行区并将机动车交通推到外围的方法，是否会有模仿购物中心模式的风险?（在购物中心模式中，进入途径和流线被限制在其区域内，但作为代价牺牲了周围环境）

The case study is Newcastle City Centre that hosts a shopping centre near a pedestrianised high street. The city council projects to extend the pedestrianisation to a much larger area including the main integrated east-west axis – Blackett Street – that is currently shared by both pedestrians, buses and taxis. This study investigates the potential effects of prospective pedestrianisation on the liveliness of the commercial centre of the city through studying the distribution of pedestrians before and after the closure of Blackett Street to traffic.

本案例研究的是在纽卡斯尔市中心步行街附近开设的一个购物中心。市议会计划将步行区扩展到更大的区域，包括在主要的东西轴线上的Blackett街（目前改街行人、公共汽车和出租车混杂）。本研究通过调研Blackett街交通关闭前后行人的分布规律，研究了预期的步行化对城市商业中心活力的潜在影响。

The main hypothesis of the paper is that an effective pedestrianisation should take into consideration the syntactic primary structure of the city. Hence, this study questions the removal of the most integrated street of the primary structure of the city in terms of public transportation (buses), which is the primary source of potential pedestrians into the centre. How does the pedestrianisation of part of the primary structure affect the liveliness (movement) of the edge of the core?

本文的主要假设是有效的步行化应该考虑到城市的基础句法结构。因此，本研究质疑了移除在公共交通方面最完整的城市街道结构这种做法是否合理（因为公共交通是潜在行人进入中心的主要来源）。把部分基础结构步行化会如何影响核心地带边缘的出行 (活跃度)?

This paper looks at the logic of the axial map as it is reintroduced by the pedestrianisation of large areas, in relationship with the city scale logic of the street centre-line (Turner 2007, Liu & Jiang 2012). The spatial structure of the city is therefore analysed globally through street centre-lines as well as more locally through axial lines.

本文着眼于轴线图（因为它是由大面积的步行区再一次强调的）和城市尺度下道路中心线的逻辑关系（Turner 2007，Liu & Jiang 2012）。对城市的空间结构既在全局内对街道中心线进行分析，又在更加局部的方面对轴线进行分析。

Moving and static activity is recorded by street segment on the edge of the pedestrianized area and on Blackett Street, over 4 weekend days (on two of which Blackett Street is closed to transit). Three times are recorded: 10h, 14h and 21h. The last time period is also included to compare the rates of pedestrian flows when the shops are closed and the retail activities are reduced. Pedestrian counts are then aggregated by axial line, and statistical analyses are developed to compare the association of each representation mode on the distribution of flows.

文中通过分析四个周末(其中两个周末Blackett街是禁止通行的)三个时间段（上午十点、下午两点、晚上九点）步行区边缘的街道段和Blackett街上动态和静态的活动数据。最后一段时间也包括在比较店铺关闭及零售活动减少时的行人流量。然后将行人数量聚集在轴线上并进行统计分析，以比较不同组织表现方式和人流量分布的关系。

It is expected that locally, from the point of view of the transit (street centre line analysis), the spatial structure of the city will change drastically since the primary structure is broken and globally the edge becomes the transition space; whereas from the point of the pedestrian (axial lines analysis), it will remain unchanged. Understanding the logic of the axial map in relationship with the street centre-line logic could help in maintaining a lively city centre by preserving the primary structure.

本文预计从局部的交通角度（街道中心线分析）来看，因为主要结构被打破，城市的空间结构将发生剧烈变化。从全局来看，步行区边缘将变成过渡空间；而从行人的角度（轴线分析），城市的空间结构将保持不变。理解轴线图和街道中心线的逻辑关系，有助于通过保留主要结构来保持城市中心的活力。

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