USAGE OF LANDMARKS IN VIRTUALENVIRonMENTS FOR WAYFINDING:Research on the influence of global landmarks 

在虚拟环境中使用地标来寻路: 全球地标影响的研究

DEMET YESILTEPE ; RUTH DALTON ; AYSE OZBIL ; NICK DALTON ; SAM NOBLE;MICHAEL HORNBERGER; ANTOINE COUTROT; HUGO SPIERS 

THE USA Architecture Dsegin Institute Co.Ltd

美国建筑设计研究院有限公司

KEYWORDS Wayfinding, Local Landmarks, Global Landmarks, Virtual Environments. 

关键词找路，当地地标，全球地标，虚拟环境

本文来自于第十二届空间句法北京会议，文件夹“Region and City" ,序号220-1

[浙江工业大学理论课作业}

https://pan.baidu.com/s/1jPyIIkzU_Ly1m9zSLcW63Q 提取码:87ev

Abstract

摘要

The role of global landmarks - those seen from multiple, distant points - and local landmarks - those 

viewed from a close distance - in virtual environment wayfinding has been discussed in a number of 

papers (Steck and Mallot, 2000; Hurlebaus ., 2008; Ruddle , 2011). 

在虚拟环境中寻路的作用——从多个远处观察的地标——和从近处观察的地标——已经在许多论文中讨论过(steck 和 mallot，2000; hurlebaus。2008; ruddle，2011).

Some focused on the idea that local landmarks are more effective (Ruddle , 2011); others mentioned that both global and local landmarks (Hurlebaus et al., 2008; Steck and Mallot, 2000) are influential on people’s wayfinding performance. 

一些专注于当地地标建筑更有效的理念(ruddle，2011) ; 其他人提到全球和当地地标建筑(hurlebaus et al. ，2008; steck and mallot，2000)对人们的寻路性能都有影响。

Recently, some studies focused on the importance of global landmarks and they suggested that global landmarks, as points of reference, are more useful in orientation in virtual environments (Lin et al., 2012). 

最近，一些研究集中在全球地标的重要性，他们建议，全球地标，作为参考点，在虚拟环境中定位更有用(林等人，2012年)。

Thus, in this paper, we aim to better understand the effect of global landmarks on wayfinding. We used different virtual game-environments and compared two different conditions: the presence of local landmarks versus the presence of both global and local landmark conditions.

因此，在这篇论文中，我们旨在更好地理解全球地标对寻路的影响。我们使用了不同的虚拟游戏环境，并比较了两种不同的情况: 当地地标的存在与全球和当地地标条件的存在。

 Participants from all around the world (n=1.3 million) contributed to the study and were 

asked to view maps of environments first, then navigate a boat to find specific destinations that had 

been indicated on the maps. Environments were analyzed using axial and segment based integration, 

choice and intelligibility as well as visual connectivity and integration. In addition, segment lengths 

and the number of decision points in the map’s layout were also analyzed.

来自世界各地的参与者(n = 130万)参与了这项研究，并被要求首先查看环境地图，然后驾驶一艘船寻找地图上标明的具体目的地。环境分析使用轴向和段为基础的整合，选择和可理解性，以及视觉连接和整合。此外，还分析了地图布局中的分段长度和决策点个数。

 Levels with similar spatial values were chosen to compare the different landmark conditions. P

reliminary findings indicate that global landmarks do not appear to have a significant impact on wayfinding.

 选取具有相似空间价值的水平来比较不同的地标条件。初步调查结果表明，全球地标似乎没有重大影响的路径寻找。

The large dataset underpinning this study contributes to our knowledge of the effect of landmarks by clarifying a gap in the literature - whether global and local landmarks or only one type of landmark are more influential on wayfinding

这项研究所依据的大型数据集有助于我们了解地标的影响，因为它澄清了文献中的一个空白——无论是全球和地方的地标，还是只有一种类型的地标对寻路更有影响。

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