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ABSTRACT摘要  In urban areas where road network and pedestrian network are intimately linked yet wildly different, axial lines and road centre line geometries are often used as strategic pedestrian networks to evaluate；accessibility, pedestrian flow potential against empirical pedestrian volume counts. However, pedestrian networks in multi-level urban environments are usually separated from the road network. In Hong Kong, the pedestrian network combines both steep topographies as for the road network and separation from the road network due to extensive publicly accessible multi-level outdoor and indoor pedestrian network.在城市地区，道路网和步行网紧密相连，但差别很大，轴线和道路中心线几何结构通常被用作战略性行人网络来评估；可达性，行人流量潜力则反映行人流量的总数。然而，多层次城市环境中的行人网络通常与道路网络相分离。在香港，由于大部分公众可访问多层次室外和室内行人网络，所以行人网络会将道路网络和道路网络分离的陡峭地形结合起来应用。Taking multi-level urban environment of Central area in Hong Kong, probably one of the most complex urban area in the world as a case study, we examine the correlation coefficient between spatial configuration and pedestrian volume. The study mainly focuses on comparison between three kinds of network data generalisation models: axial line map, segment map derived from axial map, and pedestrian path centre-line map, the link/node standard. 以香港中心城区的多层次城市环境为例，对城市空间布局与步行量之间的相关系数展开研究。本研究主要针对三种网络数据概化模型进行比较：轴线图、由轴线图衍生出的线段图和行人路径中心线图，即路段/节点标准。Results show that pedestrian network segment and path centre-line representations can capture built environment features better than axial generalisation. A 3D indoor-outdoor centre-line map is also constructed to represent the intricate multi-level pedestrian network. The results suggest that only a floor by floor version of the Indooroutdoor model would provide an adequate measure of potential pedestrian flow through multi-level urban environments. It is also showed that Angular properties of central area have the strongest effect on pedestrian route choice in the study area. A calibration of 50% - 50% Angular - Euclidean hybrid metric gives a stable result in terms of interpreting pedestrian movement potential.结果表明，行人网络分段和路径中心线表示比轴向概括能更好地捕捉建筑环境特征。此外，还构建了三维室内外中心线地图以表示复杂的多层次步行网络。结果表明，只有逐层版本的indoor室外模型，才能充分衡量穿过多层次城市环境的潜在行人流量。中心区的角度特性对研究区行人路线选择的影响最大。50%-50%角-欧几里德混合度量的校准在解释行人运动潜力方面给出了一个稳定的结果。

REFERENCES参考文献【1】Batty, M. S., 2004. The automatic definition and generation of axial lines and axial maps. The automatic definition and generation of axial lines and axial maps, 31(4), pp. 615-640.【2】Bavelas, A., 1950. Communication Patterns in Task‐Oriented Groups. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 22(6), pp. 725-730.【3】Chang, D., 2000. Integrated Multi-level Circulation Systems in Dense Urban Areas: The Effect of Complex Spatial Designs on Multi-level Pedestrian Movement. Ph.D. Dissertation. London: University College London.【4】Chang, D. & Penn, A., 1998. Integrated multilevel circulation in dense urban areas: the effect of multiple interacting constraints on the use of complex urban areas. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 25(4), pp. 507-538.【5】Chiaradia, A., Crispin, C. & Webster, C., 2014. sDNA a software for spatial design network analysis. [Online] Available at: www.cardiff.ac.uk/sdna/ [Accessed 15 June 2014].【6】Cooper, C., Harvey, I., Orford, S. & Chiaradia, A., 2018. Testing the ability of Multivariate Hybrid Spatial Network Analysis to predict the effect of a major urban redevelopment on pedestrian flows. arXiv preprint arXiv, Volume 1803.10500.【6】Dalton, R., 2003. The secret is to follow your nose: Route path selection and angularity. Environment and Behavior, 35(1), pp. 107-131.【7】Freeman, L. C., 1977. A set of measures of centrality based on betweenness. Sociometry, 40(1), pp. 35-41.【8】Hillier, B., 1999a. Centrality as a process: accounting for attraction inequalities in deformed grids. Urban Design International, 4(3-4), pp. 107-127.【9】Hillier, B., 1999b. The hidden geometry of deformed grids: or, why space syntax works, when it looks as though it shouldn't. Environment and Planning B: planning and Design, 26(2), pp. 169-191.【10】Hillier, B., Burdett, R., Peponis, J. & Penn, A., 1987. Creating life: or does architecture determine anything?. Architecture and Behaviour, pp. 233-250.

ABSTRACT摘要  In urban areas where road network and pedestrian network are intimately linked yet wildly different, axial lines and road centre line geometries are often used as strategic pedestrian networks to evaluate；accessibility, pedestrian flow potential against empirical pedestrian volume counts. However, pedestrian networks in multi-level urban environments are usually separated from the road network. In Hong Kong, the pedestrian network combines both steep topographies as for the road network and separation from the road network due to extensive publicly accessible multi-level outdoor and indoor pedestrian network.在城市地区，道路网和步行网紧密相连，但差别很大，轴线和道路中心线几何结构通常被用作战略性行人网络来评估；可达性，行人流量潜力则反映行人流量的总数。然而，多层次城市环境中的行人网络通常与道路网络相分离。在香港，由于大部分公众可访问多层次室外和室内行人网络，所以行人网络会将道路网络和道路网络分离的陡峭地形结合起来应用。Taking multi-level urban environment of Central area in Hong Kong, probably one of the most complex urban area in the world as a case study, we examine the correlation coefficient between spatial configuration and pedestrian volume. The study mainly focuses on comparison between three kinds of network data generalisation models: axial line map, segment map derived from axial map, and pedestrian path centre-line map, the link/node standard. 以香港中心城区的多层次城市环境为例，对城市空间布局与步行量之间的相关系数展开研究。本研究主要针对三种网络数据概化模型进行比较：轴线图、由轴线图衍生出的线段图和行人路径中心线图，即路段/节点标准。Results show that pedestrian network segment and path centre-line representations can capture built environment features better than axial generalisation. A 3D indoor-outdoor centre-line map is also constructed to represent the intricate multi-level pedestrian network. The results suggest that only a floor by floor version of the Indooroutdoor model would provide an adequate measure of potential pedestrian flow through multi-level urban environments. It is also showed that Angular properties of central area have the strongest effect on pedestrian route choice in the study area. A calibration of 50% - 50% Angular - Euclidean hybrid metric gives a stable result in terms of interpreting pedestrian movement potential.结果表明，行人网络分段和路径中心线表示比轴向概括能更好地捕捉建筑环境特征。此外，还构建了三维室内外中心线地图以表示复杂的多层次步行网络。结果表明，只有逐层版本的室内和室外模型，才能充分衡量穿过多层次城市环境的潜在行人流量。中心区的角度特性对研究区行人路线选择的影响最大。50%-50%角-欧几里德混合度量的校准在解释行人运动潜力方面给出了一个稳定的结果。

REFERENCES参考文献【1】Batty, M. S., 2004. The automatic definition and generation of axial lines and axial maps. The automatic definition and generation of axial lines and axial maps, 31(4), pp. 615-640.【2】Bavelas, A., 1950. Communication Patterns in Task‐Oriented Groups. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 22(6), pp. 725-730.【3】Chang, D., 2000. Integrated Multi-level Circulation Systems in Dense Urban Areas: The Effect of Complex Spatial Designs on Multi-level Pedestrian Movement. Ph.D. Dissertation. London: University College London.【4】Chang, D. & Penn, A., 1998. Integrated multilevel circulation in dense urban areas: the effect of multiple interacting constraints on the use of complex urban areas. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 25(4), pp. 507-538.【5】Chiaradia, A., Crispin, C. & Webster, C., 2014. sDNA a software for spatial design network analysis. [Online] Available at: www.cardiff.ac.uk/sdna/ [Accessed 15 June 2014].【6】Cooper, C., Harvey, I., Orford, S. & Chiaradia, A., 2018. Testing the ability of Multivariate Hybrid Spatial Network Analysis to predict the effect of a major urban redevelopment on pedestrian flows. arXiv preprint arXiv, Volume 1803.10500.【6】Dalton, R., 2003. The secret is to follow your nose: Route path selection and angularity. Environment and Behavior, 35(1), pp. 107-131.【7】Freeman, L. C., 1977. A set of measures of centrality based on betweenness. Sociometry, 40(1), pp. 35-41.【8】Hillier, B., 1999a. Centrality as a process: accounting for attraction inequalities in deformed grids. Urban Design International, 4(3-4), pp. 107-127.【9】Hillier, B., 1999b. The hidden geometry of deformed grids: or, why space syntax works, when it looks as though it shouldn't. Environment and Planning B: planning and Design, 26(2), pp. 169-191.【10】Hillier, B., Burdett, R., Peponis, J. & Penn, A., 1987. Creating life: or does architecture determine anything?. Architecture and Behaviour, pp. 233-250.