ANALYZING THE RELATIonSHIP BETWEEN RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY AND ConGREGATION IN THE SPATIAL CONTEXT 

基于空间肌理对宗教领袖与信徒大众关系的分析

MİNA HAZAL TAŞCI

KEYWORDS:Religious power, Monotheistic Religions, Synagogue, Church, Mosque, Cemevi

关键词：宗教力量，一神教，犹太教堂，基督教教堂，清真寺，塞米维(伊斯兰教什叶阿列维派礼拜厅)

本文来自于第十二届空间句法北京会议，文件夹“Architrctural Form”,序号425

论文链接 http://www.12sssbeijing.com/proceedings/download.php?lang=zh-CN&class2=163

【浙江工业大学理论课作业】

ABSTRACT:

摘要：

Temples, in the past, had a priority over other types of buildings in most ancient cultures. However, in the early ages of monotheistic religions, religious buildings were considered merely as gathering places for people to pray. However, throughout history, sacred meanings were ascribed to ‘monotheistic temples’ and they have now transformed into spaces where religious authority is legitimated. Thus, monotheistic temples were dissociated from other buildings like their ancient counterparts. Likewise, it can be said that religious authority is dissociated from congregation. System’s continuity depends on the potential energy difference between authority and congregation, which is highly undesirable for the profane world. This situation provides some privileges to authority but in return authority has to legitimize its existence continuously. Although the distinction between sacred and profane exists, the situation is a gameplay in today’s rather secular world. Intersection between authority and congregation is mostly visible when rituals take place, and space becomes the field of the game. Sequences of space and sequences of events are normally independent systems. If sequences of events are liable to predefined programs, then components of the space become a ‘decoration’. In fact, religious rituals are strictly defined programs and enforce their existence over space. This way, space becomes an instrument for authority to legitimize their power. Moreover, configuration of the space becomes a component of the power game. 

在远古时代，神庙相较其它类型的建筑在社会文化中有着最高的优先级。然而，在一神教的早期发展阶段，宗教建筑仅仅被视为聚集信徒与祈祷的场所。但随着历史的演进，“一神教神庙”又被附着了神圣价值，并被转换为了构筑宗教领袖存在合理性的空间。因此，一神教神庙也得以从远古建筑类型中独立出来。同样的，也可以说明宗教领袖与信徒大众产生了分离。信仰系统的完整性依赖于利用被世俗世界所高度抵触的、领袖与信徒之间的潜能差异，它在为领袖提供特权的同时也要求权威不断证明自身存在的合理性。尽管在宗教与世俗之间存在着差异，但在愈发世俗化的世界中它已近乎一场游戏。宗教领袖与信徒间的交互在举行仪式时便已大多可见，仪式空间也自然成为了游戏的场所。此外，空间的序列与宗教仪式的序列往往相互独立。如果仪式的序列能够对行事程序形成限定，那么部分的空间便沦为了“装饰”。实际上，宗教仪式都对行事程序有着严格的限定，并将自身强加于空间之上。以此，空间便沦为了宗教领袖替自身权力构筑合理性的容器。空间的构成也同样沦为了权力游戏中的一个部分。

In this paper, the relation between religious authority and congregation is analysed during rituals, grounded on cross readings of syntactic and observation data. Four actively used temples located in Istanbul have been chosen to be observed: a synagogue; an Assyrian church; a mosque: and an Alevi cemevi. Spatial potentials of these temples are compared to each other for religious authority and congregation respectively. The aim is to attempt to understand if monotheistic religions’ understanding of power and authority reflects their space configuration. Indeed. nuances have been observed between temples spatial configuration and the understanding of power which is semantically valuable.

本文将基于空间句法与实际观察数据的综合理解对宗教仪式中宗教领袖与信徒大众的关系进行分析。我们将对伊斯坦布尔四个选定的“香火旺盛”的神庙展开观测：一座犹太教堂、一座景教教堂（基督教使徒教会教堂）、一座逊尼派礼拜寺以及一座什叶派礼拜寺（什叶阿列维派礼拜厅）。通过各自的宗教领袖与信徒大众行为，从而比较各个神庙的空间潜力。研究的目标在于尝试辨析各个一神教对权力与权威的理解是否与其空间构成相对应。同时神庙空间构造细微差异的观察与权力理解的解读在语义上也都非常具有研究价值。

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